Distention là gì

What is bloating?

Bloating can be described as the feeling that there is an inflated balloon in the abdomen. It is a commonly reported symptom & is sometimes associated with distension, or the visible increase in the width of the area between your hips và chest (abdominal girth).

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Both bloating and distension cause discomfort, & sometimes pain, and have a negative sầu impact on the quality of life for some individuals. The symptoms may be linked with other gas related complaints, such as burping or belching (eructation), swallowing air (aerophagia), and passing intestinal gas (flatulence).

Learn more about controlling intestinal gas

Frequency of reporting of abdominal bloating in individuals with FGIDs– IBS: 23%-96%– Functional dyspepsia: 50%– Chronic constipation: 56%

Some people with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) & motility disorders frequently experience bloating, distension, or both as symptoms of their conditions. There is also something called functional bloating, which is fullness và or/distension of the abdomen, not associated with changes in bowel movements.

These tests include:

Stool analysisBlood workupAbdominal x-raysBarium swallowSmall transit follow throughBarium enemaGastric emptying testsEsophageal, antroduodenal, or anorectal manometryColonic transit studiesBreath testUpper endoscopyColonoscopy with biopsies

Learn how khổng lồ prepare for tests

Individuals can help their physicians by describing their complaints as accurately và concisely as possible. With regard to bloating & distension, here are some important questions to ask và details to lớn tell your health care provider (keeping trachồng of the things that trigger your symptoms is a good way to discover the answers):

Did you know that Spanish và some other languages don’t have a word for “bloating”?
People use the words “swelling” and “inflammation,” or describe it as “feeling pregnant.” Using the balloon analogy can be the most helpful. Let your doctor know exactly whether you have sầu the sensation of having a balloon in your abdomen (bloating), the truly visible increase in your abdominal girth (distension), or both.

Things to lớn Ask your Doctor:

Am I bloated?Am I distended?Am I both bloated và distended?

Things khổng lồ Tell your Doctor:

Is the symptom located in the upper or lower abdomen?Is it in a concentrated area?Is your bloating or distension associated with burping?Do you experience nausea or vomiting?Is the symptom associated with pain in your abdomen?Upper or lower?Does the bloating or distension relate lớn passing gas or a change in your bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or alternation of both)?Are your symptoms related to lớn food? Which ones?Do they occur right after eating?Do your symptoms increase during the day or improve during night hours?

Medications & other therapies

Some medications and other treatments have been found khổng lồ help ease the symptoms of bloating and distension. Your doctor may talk lớn you about some of these options, depending on your symptoms and other health related considerations.

Antispasmodics: These can relax the muscles of the bowel and provide relief. Examples include dicyclomine (Bentyl) và hyoscyamine (Levsin) in the United States và otilonium bromide or pinaverium bromide available in Latin America và some countries in Europe and Asia & a combination of pinaverium bromide with simethicone (Alevian Duo) in some Latin America countries.

Learn more about antispasmodics

Probiotics: These dietary supplements contain live bacteria that help balance out the existing bacteria of the intestines. Some that include a relatively low level of probiotic bacteria are available over the counter or in yogurt varieties. Other options include Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 for individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in general, & Bifidobacterium animalis DN-0173 10 for patients with IBS with constipation (IBS-C).

Learn more about probiotics

Rifaximin: This antibiotic is only slightly absorbed and can be used for short periods of time. Usually it is used (off-label) to lớn lessen bloating in people with IBS whose symptoms vày not include constipation, or in those with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.

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Prokinetics: These are medications that improve the time it takes for food lớn travel through the digestive sầu tract. Some prokinetics have sầu been shown to lớn improve bloating. A person’s age, health & other considerations must be taken into lớn account for these therapies & availabilities vary from country to lớn country.

Learn more about prokinetics (also called promotility agents)

Antidepressants: These drugs affect receptors in the gut & in the brain. Given in lower dosages than what is used khổng lồ treat depression, they have been shown khổng lồ help alleviate bloating & distension. For example, citalopram (Celexa), an SSRI (selective sầu serotonin reuptake inhibitor), has been shown khổng lồ help improve bloating in individuals with IBS. Amitryptiline (Elavil), a tricyclic antidepressant, is commonly used to lớn treat pain và discomfort, as well as diarrhea, và may be helpful for bloating.

Other options: Medications that increase fluid nội dung in stools, lubiprostone (Amitiza) or linaclotide (Linzess) for example, may also be used.

Psychological therapies: Treatments including hypnotherapy và cognitive-behavioral therapy can be useful và help with symptoms and mood.

Low FODMAPhường diet: Working with a doctor or registered dietitian khổng lồ determine a diet low in FODMAPs is an option for alleviating bloating và distension symptoms. FODMAPs are shortchain carbohydrates that are poorly absorbed in the small intestine and rapidly fermented by bacteria in the gut.

Foods that are rich in FODMAPs include:

Fruits such as mangoes, apples, pears, avocados, blackberries, và plumsDairy products lượt thích cow, sheep, & goat milk, as well as yogurt, ice cream, & soft cheeses including cottage cheese, cream cheese & mascarponeHoneyVegetables and legumes such as asparagus, bell peppers, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, eggplant, onion, garlic, baked beans, kidney beans, và lentilsSweeteners like sorbitol & maltitol (frequently used in gum và other candies)

Learn more about the low FODMAP diet

Conclusion

Bloating & distension are both very common, for the general population và for those with FGIDs và motility disorders. Either of the two may be very bothersome to lớn individuals that are experiencing the symptoms, as well as challenging to lớn those trying khổng lồ treat them. There is not a conclusive sầu cause for bloating or distension, nor is there a universally effective sầu treatment. With the help of a physician, individuals can find different treatment options that may help alleviate their symptoms.

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For specific guidance regarding personal health questions, we advise consultation with a qualified healthcare professional familiar with your particular circumstances. Be sure to lớn thoroughly discuss treatment options and the use of any medications for treatment with your physician. When prescribed a medication, discthua the use of all other drugs or supplements (whether prescription or over-the-counter) with your physician.

Adapted from megaelearning.vn publication #262 by Max Schmulson, MD, Professor of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico, Published in Digestive Health Matters Vol. 22 No. 1